Published on Alternet (http://www.alternet.org)
White House
Fails Badly On Solution for Israel-Palestine Conflict
October 18, 2016
Washington
has finally thrown in the towel on its long, tortured efforts to establish
peace between Israel and the Palestinians. You won’t find any acknowledgement
of this in the official record. Formally, the U.S. still supports a two-state
solution to the conflict. But the Obama administration’s recent 10-year, $38-billion [3] pledge
to renew Israel’s arsenal of weaponry, while still ostensibly pursuing “peace,”
makes clear just how bankrupt that policy is.
For two
decades, Israeli leaders and their neoconservative backers in this country,
hell-bent on building and expanding settlements on Palestinian land, have
worked to undermine America’s stated efforts -- and paid no price. Now, with
that record[4] weapons
package, the U.S. has made it all too clear that they won’t have to. Ever.
The
military alliance between the United States and Israel has long been at odds
with the stated intentions of successive administrations in Washington to
foster peace in the Holy Land. One White House after another has preferred the
“solution” of having it both ways: supporting a two-state solution while richly
rewarding, with lethal weaponry, an incorrigible client state that was working
as fast as it could to undermine just such a solution.
This
ongoing duality seemed at its most surreal in the last few weeks. First,
President Obama announced the new military deal, with its promised delivery of
fighter jets and other hardware, citing the “unshakable [5]” American
military alliance with Israel. The following week, at the United Nations,
he declared, “Israel must recognize that it cannot permanently occupy and
settle Palestinian land.” Next, he flew to Israel for the funeral of Shimon
Peres, and in a tribute to the Nobel Prize-winning former Israeli
president, spoke of [6] a man
who grasped that “the Jewish people weren’t born to rule another people” and
brought up the “unfinished business” of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
(Peres is remembered [7] quite
differently by Palestinians as anearly pioneer [8] of
settlement building and the author of the brutal Operation Grapes of Wrath [9] assaults
on Lebanon in 1996.) Not long after the funeral, the government of
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu brazenly approved a new settlement deep in
the West Bank, prompting the State Department to “strongly condemn [10]” the
action as “deeply troubling.”
Such
scolding words, however, shrivel into nothingness in the face of a single
number: 38 billion. With its latest promise of military aid, the United
States has essentially sanctioned Israel’s impunity, its endless colonization
of Palestinian land, its military occupation of the West Bank, and its periodic
attacks by F-16 fighter jets and Apache helicopters using Hellfire missiles on
the civilians of Gaza.
Yes,
Hamas’s crude and occasionally deadly rockets [11] sometimes
help provoke Israeli fire, and human rights investigations have found
that both sides [12] have
committed war crimes. But Israel’s explosive power [13] in
the 2014 Gaza war, fueled in large part by American military aid and political
support, exceeded that of Hamas by an estimated 1,500-to-1. By one
estimate, all of Hamas’s rockets, measured in explosive power, were equal to [14] 12 of
the one-ton bombs Israel dropped on Gaza. And it loosed hundreds of
those, and fired tens of thousands of shells, rockets and mortars. In the
process, nearly 250 times [15] more
Palestinian civilians died than civilians in Israel.
Now, with
Gaza severed from the West Bank, and Palestinians facing new waves of settlers
amid a half-century-long military occupation, the U.S. has chosen not to apply
pressure to its out-of-control ally, but instead to resupply its armed forces
in a massive way. This means that we’ve finally arrived at something of a
historic (if hardly noticed) moment. After all these decades, the
two-state solution, critically flawed as it was [16], should
now officially be declared dead -- and consider the United States an accomplice
in its murder. In other words, the Obama administration has handed
Israel’s leaders and the neoconservatives who have long championed this path
the victory they’ve sought for more than two decades.
The Chaos
Kids
Twenty
years ago, the pro-Israel hard right in America designed the core strategy that
helped lead to this American capitulation. In 1996, a task force led by
neocons Richard Perle (future chairman of the Defense Policy Board [17]), David
Wurmser (future senior Middle East adviser [18] to
Vice President Dick Cheney), Douglas Feith (future undersecretary
of defense [19]), and others issued a policy paper [20] aimed
at incoming Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. "A Clean Break: A
New Strategy for Securing the Realm" advocated that Israel walk away from
its embrace of the Oslo peace process and Oslo’s focus on territorial
concessions. The paper’s essential ingredients included weakening
Israel’s neighbors via regime change in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq and “roll back”
in Syria and Iran. The authors’ recommendations turned out to be anything but a
wish list, given that a number of them would soon hold influential positions [21] in
the administration of George W. Bush.
“[T]he task
force, which was chaired by Perle, argued that regime change in Iraq -- of
which Feith was among the most ardent advocates within the Pentagon -- would
enable Israel and the U.S. to decisively shift the balance of power in the
region so that Israel could make a ‘clean break’ from the Oslo process (or any
framework that would require it to give up ‘land for peace’) and, in so doing,
‘secure the realm’ against Palestinian territorial claims.”
In other
words, as early as 1996, these neocons were already imagining what would become
the disastrous invasion of Iraq in 2003. You could argue, of course, that
neither the neocons nor Netanyahu could have foreseen the chaos that would
follow, with Iraq nearly cracking open and Syria essentially collapsing into
horrific civil war and violence, civilians stranded under relentless bombing,
and the biggest refugee crisis [23] since
World War II gripping Europe and the world. But you would, at least in
some sense, be wrong, for certain of the neocon advocates of regime change
imagined chaos as an essential part of the process from early on.
"One
can only hope that we turn the region into a caldron, and faster, please,"wrote [24] Michael
Ledeen of the American Enterprise Institute in the National Review during
the buildup to the invasion of Iraq. (In 1985, as a consultant to the
National Security Council and to Oliver North, Ledeen had helped broker the
illegal arms-for-hostages deal with Iran by setting up meetings between weapons
dealers and Israel.) “The war won't end in Baghdad,” Ledeen laterwrote [25], in the Wall Street
Journal. "We must also topple terror states in Tehran and
Damascus."
The neocons
got so much more than they bargained for in Iraq, and so much less than they
wanted in Syria and Iran. Their recent attempts -- with Netanyahu as
their chief spokesman -- to block the Obama administration’s Iran nuclear deal,
for example, went down in flames. Still, it’s stunning to think just how
much their strategy of regime change and chaos helped transform our
world and the Greater Middle East for the worse, and to be reminded that its
ultimate goal, at least in those early days, was in large part to keep Israel
from having to pursue a peace deal with the Palestinians. Of course,
there were other benefits the neocons imagined back then as part of their
historic attempt to redraw [26] the map of the Middle
East. Controlling some of the vast oil reserves of that region was one of them,
but of course that didn’t exactly turn out to be a “mission accomplished”
moment either. Only the Israeli part of the plan seemed to succeed as once
imagined.
So here we
are 20 years later. All around the Holy Land, states are collapsing or at
least their foundations are crumbling, and Israel’s actions make clear that it
isn’t about to help improve the situation in any way. It visibly intends to
pursue a policy of colonization [27], permanent
human rights violations [28], and
absolute rule over the Palestinians. These are facts on the ground that former
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, Netanyahu, the Israeli right wing, and those
American neocon visionaries fought so hard to establish. A succession of
leaders in Washington -- at least those who weren’t designing this
policy themselves -- have been played for fools.
In the
two-plus decades since the 1993 Oslo Agreement [29], which
some believed would put Israel and the Palestinians on the path to peace, and
that “Clean Break” document which was written to undermine it, the West Bank
settler population has grown from 109,000 to nearly 400,000 [30] (an
estimated 15% of whom are American). The would-be capital of a
Palestinian state, East Jerusalem, is now surrounded by 17 Jewish settlements [31].
Palestinians nominally control a mere 18% [32] of
the West Bank (also known as Area A [33]), or 4% of
the entire land base of Israel/Palestine.
The
Palestinians’ would-be homeland is now checkered [34] with
military bases, settlements [33],
settler-only roads, and hundreds of checkpoints and barriers -- all in a West
Bank the size of Delaware, our second-smallest state. An estimated40% [35] of
adult male Palestinians, and thousands of children, have seen the insides of
Israeli jails and prisons; many of them languish there without charges [36].
Israel has,
in essence, created a Jim Crow-like [37] separate
and unequal reality there: a one-state “solution” that it alone controls.
The United States has done almost nothing [38] about
this (other than carefully couched, periodic [39] State
Department words of complaint), while its ally marched forward unchecked.
Not since James Baker was secretary of state under the first President Bush
before -- notably enough -- the signing of the Oslo accords has any U.S.
leader threatened [40]to withhold
funds unless Israel stops building settlements on Palestinian land. The
phrase “friends don’t let friends drive drunk” no longer applies in
U.S.-Israeli relations. Rather, what we hear are regular pledges of
“absolute, total, unvarnished commitment to Israel’s security.” Those were, in
fact, the words of Vice President Joe Biden during a 2010 visit to Israel -- a
pledge offered, as it turned out, only a few hours before the Netanyahu
government announced the construction of 1,600 new apartments [41]in East
Jerusalem.
“Unvarnished
commitment” in 2016 means that $38 billion for what Obama called “the world’s
most advanced weapons technology.” That includes 33 of Lockheed [42]’s F-35
Joint Strike Fighter jets, at $200 million per jet [43], part of
a troubled [44] $1.5 trillion [45] weapons
system subsidized by U.S. taxpayers. Other deadly hardware headed for Israel:
cargo planes, F-15 fighter jets, battle tanks [46], armored
personnel carriers, a new class of warships whose guided missiles would
undoubtedly be aimed directly at Gaza [47], and more
of Lockheed’s Hellfire missiles. If recent history [48] is
any indication, you would need to add fresh supplies of bombs, grenades,
torpedoes, rocket launchers, mortars, howitzers, machine guns, shotguns,
pistols, and bayonets. As part of the agreement, U.S. arms manufacturers [49] will
soon supply 100% of that weaponry, while Israeli weapons manufacturers will be
phased out of U.S. military aid. “It’s a win-win for Israeli security and
the U.S. economy,” a White House aide cheerily told [50] the
Israeli newspaper Ha’aretz.
The Clinton
(Trump) White House and Israel
Current
policy, if that’s the right word, could perhaps be summed up as weapons,
weapons, and more weapons, while Washington otherwise washed its hands of what
was always known as “the peace process” (despite that fig leaf still in
place). Today, functionally, there’s no such process left. And
that’s unlikely to change under either a President Clinton or a President
Trump. If anything, it may get worse.
During the
Democratic primary campaign, for instance, Hillary Clinton promised to invite
Netanyahu to the White House “during my first month in office” in order to
“reaffirm” Washington’s “unbreakable bond with Israel.” In a speech to
the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), which labels
itself [51] “America’s pro-Israel lobby,” she was virtually silent on
the Israeli settlement issue, except to promise to protect Israel against its
own violations of international law [52].
She attacked Trump[53] from
the right, denouncing his once-expressed wish to remain “neutral” on the issue
of Israel and Palestine.
In the
1990s, as first lady, Clinton had stirred controversy by uttering the word
“Palestine” and kissing [54] Yasser
Arafat’s widow, Suha, on the cheek. Now she fully embraces those who
believe Israel can do no wrong, including Hollywood mogul Haim Saban[55], who has
donated at least $6.4 million [56] to
her campaign, and millions more to the Clinton Foundation and the Democratic
National Committee. Saban, an Israeli-American whose billions came
largely from the Mighty Morphin [57] Power
Rangers franchise, describes himself as “a one-issue guy, and my issue is
Israel.”
Last year,
he convened a “secret” Las Vegas meeting with fellow billionaire Sheldon
Adelson, the bankroller of a panoply of Republican candidates and a huge
supporter of Israel’s settlement project. Their aim: to shut down [58], if not criminalize [59], the
pro-Palestinian Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement, or BDS [60].
That boycott movement targets cultural institutions and businesses including
those that profit [61] from
the occupation of the West Bank. Its approach is akin to the movement to
impose sanctions on South Africa during the apartheid era.
With Saban’s
millions destined for her campaign war chest, Clinton wrote to her benefactor [62] to
express her “alarm” over BDS, “seeking your thoughts and recommendations” to
“work together to counter BDS.” Yet it’s a nonviolent movement that aims
to confront Israel’s human rights abuses through direct economic and political
pressure, not guns or terror attacks. Would Clinton prefer suicide
bombers and rockets? Never mind that the relatively modest movement has
been endorsed by an assortment of international trade unions [63], scholarly associations [64], church groups [65], the Jewish Voice for Peace [66], and Nobel
Peace Prize winner Desmond Tutu [67]. At
the root of BDS, Clinton has hinted darkly, is anti-Semitism. “At a time when
anti-Semitism is on the rise across the world,” she wrote Saban, “we need to
repudiate forceful efforts to malign and undermine Israel and the Jewish
people.”
As for
Trump, some Palestinians were encouraged by his statement [68] to
MSNBC’s Joe Scarborough that he might “be sort of a neutral guy” on the
issue. He told [69] the
AP: “I have a real question as to whether or not both sides want to make
it. A lot will have to do with Israel and whether or not Israel wants to make
the deal -- whether or not Israel’s willing to sacrifice certain things.”
Yet Trump subsequently fell in line with Republican orthodoxy, pledging among
other things to move the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem, a litmus test for
supporters of the hard right in Israel, and a virtual guarantee that East
Jerusalem, at the center of the Palestinian dream of statehood, will remain in
Israel’s hands.
In the
short term, then, the prospect for an American-brokered just peace may be as
bleak as it’s ever been -- even though U.S. officials know full well that a
just solution to the conflict would remove a primary recruiting tool for
jihadists. For the next four to eight years, American leadership will, by
all indications, shore up the status quo, which means combining all that weaponry
and de facto acquiescence in Israel’s land grabs with,
perhaps, the occasional hand-wringing State Department statement.
“With
Patience, Change Will Come”
However,
like Jim Crow, like South African apartheid, the status quo of this moment
simply can’t last forever. Eventually, the future of the region will not
be left to the self-proclaimed “honest brokers” of Washington who lecture
Palestinians on the proper forms of nonviolence, while offering no genuine
alternatives to surrender. Given the long history of Palestinian
resistance, it is foolhardy to expect such a surrender now and particularly
unwise to slander a movement of nonviolent resistance -- especially given what
we know about the kinds of resistance that are possible.
Whether by
peaceful resistance or other means, the status quo will change, in part simply
because it must: a structure this twisted cannot stand on its own forever.
Already AIPAC’s monumental attempts to scuttle the Iran deal have led to humiliating defeat[70] and
that’s just a taste of what, sooner or later, the future could hold.
After all, young Americans [71], including
young Jews, are increasingly opposed to Israel’s domination of Palestinian
lands, and increasingly supportive of the boycott movement. In addition,
the balance of power in the region is shifting. We can’t know how Russia,
China, Turkey, and Iran will operate there in the years to come, but amid the
ongoing chaos, U.S. influence will undoubtedly diminish over time. As a
member of a prominent Gaza family said to me many years ago: “Does Israel think
America will always protect them, always give them arms, and that they will
always be the biggest power in the Middle East? Do they really expect
they can maintain this hold on us forever?”
A popular Arab
folk ballad, El Helwa Di, promises a penniless child who has placed
her life in God’s hands: “With patience, change will come. All will be better.”
Perhaps it
will prove useful, in the end, to abandon the illusions of the now-terminal
two-state solution, at least as envisioned in the Oslo process. In the
language of those accords, after all, the words “freedom” and “independence”
never appear, while “security” is mentioned 12 times.
In a regime
of growing confinement, the Israelis have steadily undermined Palestinian
sovereignty, aided and abetted by an American acquiescence in Israel’s ongoing
settlement project. Now, at least, there is an opportunity to lay the
foundations for some newer kind of solution grounded in human rights, freedom
of movement, complete cessation of settlement building, and equal
access to land, water, and places of worship. It will have to be based on
a new reality, which Israel and the United States have had such a hand in
creating. Think of it as the one-state solution.
Sandy
Tolan is author of The Lemon Tree: An Arab, a Jew, and the Heart of the Middle
East. He is associate professor at the Annenberg School for Communication and
Journalism at the University of Southern California. He is at work on a new
book, Operation Mozart, about music and life in Palestine. He blogs at
ramallahcafe.com.
[73]
Source URL: http://www.alternet.org/world/white-house-fails-badly-solution-israel-palestine-conflict
Links:
[1] http://www.alternet.org/authors/sandy-tolan
[2] http://www.tomdispatch.com/
[3] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/world/middleeast/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-military-aid.html
[4] http://www.newsweek.com/us-agrees-record-38-billion-military-aid-deal-israel-498216
[5] https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/14/statement-president-memorandum-understanding-reached-israel
[6] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/30/shimon-peres-funeral-unprecedented-security-as-world-leaders-gather-for-ceremony
[7] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/03/opinion/shimon-peres-the-peacemaker-who-wasnt.html?_r=0
[8] http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/218501
[9] https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/isrleb/Isrleb.htm
[10] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/world/middleeast/obama-israel-west-bank-settlements.html
[11] http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/09/hamass-new-rocket-is-inaccurate-its-also-a-serious-upgrade/
[12] https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/
[13] http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/8/26/israel-bombing-stunsusofficers.html
[14] http://www.palestine-studies.org/jps/fulltext/186668
[15] http://gaza.ochaopt.org/2015/06/key-figures-on-the-2014-hostilities/
[16] http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175989/tomgram%3A_sandy_tolan,_the_one-state_conundrum/
[17] http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/12/neocons200612
[18] http://www.hudson.org/experts/1098-david-wurmser
[19] http://www.dougfeith.com/
[20] https://web.archive.org/web/20140125123844/http:/www.iasps.org/strat1.htm
[21] https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2003-11-01/remaking-world-bush-and-neoconservatives
[22] https://lobelog.com/from-generation-to-generation/
[23] http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/world/unhcr-displaced-peoples-report/
[24] https://books.google.com/books?id=pSQJLqms8CcC&pg=PA231&lpg=PA231&dq=One+can+only+hope+that+we+turn+the+region+into+a+caldron,+and+faster,+please&source=bl&ots=P6_npNSDd2&sig=jco1DbMFBg_KzxNa3dbya2s5nbw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb9pmcu8vPAhVJ7GMKHdVh
[25] http://www.dailyalert.org/rss/Mainissues.php?id=48089
[26] http://articles.latimes.com/2002/dec/01/opinion/op-tolan1
[27] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/05/opinion/ali-jarbawi-israels-colonialism-must-end.html
[28] http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37511-a-continuous-war-mentality-richard-falk-on-israel-s-human-rights-abuses
[29] https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/oslo
[30] http://europe.newsweek.com/study-15-west-bank-settlers-are-american-nationals-332168?rx=us
[31] https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/palestinian-israeli-conflict/jewish-settlements/settlements-in-east-jerusalem/
[32] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank_Areas_in_the_Oslo_II_Accord
[33] http://archive.peacenow.org/map.php
[34] https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://www.ochaopt.org/sites/default/files/West_Bank_Access_Restrictions__September_2014.pdf&chrome=true
[35] http://www.addameer.org/advocacy/briefings_papers/general-briefing-palestinian-political-prisoners-israeli-prisons
[36] http://www.btselem.org/topic/administrative_detention
[37] http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/07/israel-and-palestine-not-so-separate-deeply-unequal.html
[38] https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160804-us-grilled-for-inaction-over-israeli-illegal-settlement/
[39] http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/236814.pdf
[40] http://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-25/news/mn-2625_1_loan-guarantees
[41] http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/world/middleeast/10biden.html
[42] https://consortiumnews.com/2016/09/30/obamas-gift-to-israel-and-lockheed/
[43] http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2016/09/15/F-35-Gets-Big-Win-Israel-Scores-38-Billion-US-Military-Aid
[44] http://www.pogo.org/blog/2013/03/20130306-air-forces-f-35a-not-ready-for-combat.html
[45] http://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/384088/the-pentagons-15-trillion-mistake/
[46] http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/72457/idf-tank-technology-takes-giant-leap-forward-new-merkava-mk-4/#4d37O5POum8zGSmU.97
[47] http://www.janes.com/article/58939/israeli-navy-to-roll-out-new-c2-system-across-fleet
[48] http://www.amnesty.ca/sites/amnesty/files/usaisraelarmsexports31july14.pdf
[49] https://www.afsc.org/resource/us-corporations-complicit-military-attacks-gaza
[50] http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.742074
[51] http://www.aipac.org/
[52] http://www.afsc.org/resource/israel%E2%80%99s-settlement-policy-occupied-palestinian-territory
[53] http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/21/clinton-bashes-trumps-neutral-stance-on-israel-in-speech-to-lobbyists/
[54] http://www.jpost.com/International/As-first-lady-Hillary-was-a-prized-Jewish-keynoter-until-she-kissed-Suha-Arafat-398658
[55] http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/05/10/the-influencer
[56] https://www.thewrap.com/haim-saban-hillary-clinton-millions-donated-campaign/
[57] http://www.sabanbrands.com/entertainment/franchise
[58] http://forward.com/news/israel/309676/secret-sheldon-adelson-summit-raises-up-to-50m-for-strident-anti-bds-push/
[59] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-zogby/aipacs-anti-bds-campaign_b_9505552.html
[60] https://bdsmovement.net/
[61] http://www.mintpressnews.com/73-million-tiaa-cref-caterpillar-divestment-major-bds-victory/31096/
[62] https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2158218-hillary-clintons-letter-to-haim-saban-against-bds.html
[63] https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/europe/12552--britains-biggest-trade-union-slams-israeli-apartheid-commits-to-bds-campaigning
[64] https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/11/23/middle-east-studies-scholars-discuss-academic-boycott-israel
[65] http://www.ucc.org/news_general_synod_israel_palestine_resolution_06302015
[66] https://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/boycott-divestment-and-sanctions/jvp-supports-the-bds-movement/
[67] http://www.peaceandjustice.org/statement-from-archbishop-desmond-tutu-on-us-anti-bds-legislation/
[68] http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/anti-muslim_trump_is_progressive_on_israel_palestine_conflict_20160304
[69] http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-donald-trump-interview-20151203-story.html
[70] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/09/03/how-aipac-lost-the-iran-deal-fight/
[71] http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/203589/young-americans-moving-away-from-israel-support/
[72] mailto:corrections@alternet.org?Subject=Typo on White House Fails Badly On Solution for Israel-Palestine Conflict
[73] http://www.alternet.org/
[74] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B
[2] http://www.tomdispatch.com/
[3] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/world/middleeast/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-military-aid.html
[4] http://www.newsweek.com/us-agrees-record-38-billion-military-aid-deal-israel-498216
[5] https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/14/statement-president-memorandum-understanding-reached-israel
[6] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/30/shimon-peres-funeral-unprecedented-security-as-world-leaders-gather-for-ceremony
[7] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/03/opinion/shimon-peres-the-peacemaker-who-wasnt.html?_r=0
[8] http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/218501
[9] https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/isrleb/Isrleb.htm
[10] http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/world/middleeast/obama-israel-west-bank-settlements.html
[11] http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/09/hamass-new-rocket-is-inaccurate-its-also-a-serious-upgrade/
[12] https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/
[13] http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/8/26/israel-bombing-stunsusofficers.html
[14] http://www.palestine-studies.org/jps/fulltext/186668
[15] http://gaza.ochaopt.org/2015/06/key-figures-on-the-2014-hostilities/
[16] http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175989/tomgram%3A_sandy_tolan,_the_one-state_conundrum/
[17] http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/12/neocons200612
[18] http://www.hudson.org/experts/1098-david-wurmser
[19] http://www.dougfeith.com/
[20] https://web.archive.org/web/20140125123844/http:/www.iasps.org/strat1.htm
[21] https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2003-11-01/remaking-world-bush-and-neoconservatives
[22] https://lobelog.com/from-generation-to-generation/
[23] http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/world/unhcr-displaced-peoples-report/
[24] https://books.google.com/books?id=pSQJLqms8CcC&pg=PA231&lpg=PA231&dq=One+can+only+hope+that+we+turn+the+region+into+a+caldron,+and+faster,+please&source=bl&ots=P6_npNSDd2&sig=jco1DbMFBg_KzxNa3dbya2s5nbw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb9pmcu8vPAhVJ7GMKHdVh
[25] http://www.dailyalert.org/rss/Mainissues.php?id=48089
[26] http://articles.latimes.com/2002/dec/01/opinion/op-tolan1
[27] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/05/opinion/ali-jarbawi-israels-colonialism-must-end.html
[28] http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37511-a-continuous-war-mentality-richard-falk-on-israel-s-human-rights-abuses
[29] https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/oslo
[30] http://europe.newsweek.com/study-15-west-bank-settlers-are-american-nationals-332168?rx=us
[31] https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/palestinian-israeli-conflict/jewish-settlements/settlements-in-east-jerusalem/
[32] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank_Areas_in_the_Oslo_II_Accord
[33] http://archive.peacenow.org/map.php
[34] https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://www.ochaopt.org/sites/default/files/West_Bank_Access_Restrictions__September_2014.pdf&chrome=true
[35] http://www.addameer.org/advocacy/briefings_papers/general-briefing-palestinian-political-prisoners-israeli-prisons
[36] http://www.btselem.org/topic/administrative_detention
[37] http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/07/israel-and-palestine-not-so-separate-deeply-unequal.html
[38] https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160804-us-grilled-for-inaction-over-israeli-illegal-settlement/
[39] http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/236814.pdf
[40] http://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-25/news/mn-2625_1_loan-guarantees
[41] http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/world/middleeast/10biden.html
[42] https://consortiumnews.com/2016/09/30/obamas-gift-to-israel-and-lockheed/
[43] http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2016/09/15/F-35-Gets-Big-Win-Israel-Scores-38-Billion-US-Military-Aid
[44] http://www.pogo.org/blog/2013/03/20130306-air-forces-f-35a-not-ready-for-combat.html
[45] http://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/384088/the-pentagons-15-trillion-mistake/
[46] http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/72457/idf-tank-technology-takes-giant-leap-forward-new-merkava-mk-4/#4d37O5POum8zGSmU.97
[47] http://www.janes.com/article/58939/israeli-navy-to-roll-out-new-c2-system-across-fleet
[48] http://www.amnesty.ca/sites/amnesty/files/usaisraelarmsexports31july14.pdf
[49] https://www.afsc.org/resource/us-corporations-complicit-military-attacks-gaza
[50] http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.742074
[51] http://www.aipac.org/
[52] http://www.afsc.org/resource/israel%E2%80%99s-settlement-policy-occupied-palestinian-territory
[53] http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/21/clinton-bashes-trumps-neutral-stance-on-israel-in-speech-to-lobbyists/
[54] http://www.jpost.com/International/As-first-lady-Hillary-was-a-prized-Jewish-keynoter-until-she-kissed-Suha-Arafat-398658
[55] http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/05/10/the-influencer
[56] https://www.thewrap.com/haim-saban-hillary-clinton-millions-donated-campaign/
[57] http://www.sabanbrands.com/entertainment/franchise
[58] http://forward.com/news/israel/309676/secret-sheldon-adelson-summit-raises-up-to-50m-for-strident-anti-bds-push/
[59] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-zogby/aipacs-anti-bds-campaign_b_9505552.html
[60] https://bdsmovement.net/
[61] http://www.mintpressnews.com/73-million-tiaa-cref-caterpillar-divestment-major-bds-victory/31096/
[62] https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2158218-hillary-clintons-letter-to-haim-saban-against-bds.html
[63] https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/europe/12552--britains-biggest-trade-union-slams-israeli-apartheid-commits-to-bds-campaigning
[64] https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/11/23/middle-east-studies-scholars-discuss-academic-boycott-israel
[65] http://www.ucc.org/news_general_synod_israel_palestine_resolution_06302015
[66] https://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/boycott-divestment-and-sanctions/jvp-supports-the-bds-movement/
[67] http://www.peaceandjustice.org/statement-from-archbishop-desmond-tutu-on-us-anti-bds-legislation/
[68] http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/anti-muslim_trump_is_progressive_on_israel_palestine_conflict_20160304
[69] http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-donald-trump-interview-20151203-story.html
[70] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/09/03/how-aipac-lost-the-iran-deal-fight/
[71] http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/203589/young-americans-moving-away-from-israel-support/
[72] mailto:corrections@alternet.org?Subject=Typo on White House Fails Badly On Solution for Israel-Palestine Conflict
[73] http://www.alternet.org/
[74] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B
Donations can be sent
to the Baltimore Nonviolence Center, 325 E. 25th St., Baltimore, MD
21218. Ph: 410-323-1607; Email: mobuszewski [at] verizon.net. Go to http://baltimorenonviolencecenter.blogspot.com/
"The master class
has always declared the wars; the subject class has always fought the battles.
The master class has had all to gain and nothing to lose, while the subject
class has had nothing to gain and everything to lose--especially their lives."
Eugene Victor Debs
No comments:
Post a Comment