Saturday, January 22, 2011

The Right Wing Reboots Segregation

The Right Wing Reboots Segregation

 

By Patricia J. Williams

The Nation

January 6, 2011

 

http://www.thenation.com/article/157530/right-wing-reboots-segregation

 

 

As we pass from 2010 to the new year, Congress resumes

in its conservative-dominated configuration. This new

wave is sustained by a right-wing power base informed

by ideologues who would eviscerate the Fourteenth

Amendment's promise of equality by restricting voting

rights and limiting public expenditures on the

"parasites" who leech off the welfare of "their" America.

 

Many of these views, while wrapped in Ayn Rand's

individualist "ethical egoism," protect a political and

social order based on wealth and impermeable group

privilege, one also rooted in a segregationist "us

versus them" mentality, albeit persisting well beyond

the racial divide. Christians versus others. Natives

versus immigrants. English-only speakers versus snooty

cosmopolitans. Inherited privilege versus equality as birthright.

 

Consider these recent salvos: Arizona State Senator

Russell Pearce is so concerned about the "hijacking" of

the Fourteenth Amendment that he has sponsored a bill

that would refuse issuance of state birth certificates

to children born here whose parents are not legal

citizens. Rand Paul, freshman senator from Kentucky,

believes that the Fair Housing Act is wrong because "a

free society will abide unofficial, private

discrimination, even when that means allowing hate-

filled groups to exclude people based on the color of

their skin." John Cook, the very public member of the

Texas State Republican Executive Committee, wants to

replace Republican Joe Straus, who is Jewish, as

speaker of the Texas House of Representatives because

"We elected a House with Christian, conservative

values. We now want a true Christian, conservative

running it." And Judson Phillips, head of the Tea Party

Nation, has endorsed "the original intent" of

restricting voting rights to citizens who are property

holders because "if you're a property owner, you

actually have a vested stake in the community."

 

Many policies originally promulgated to maintain

economic supremacy by controlling the movement and

political force of blacks in the Deep South seem to

have come full circle, afflicting not just recent

immigrants but poor and middle-class white people. One

vivid example is the fate of Gene Cranick, an elderly,

wheelchair-bound white resident of Obion County,

Tennessee. When a backyard trash fire spread to his

house in October, the fire department arrived, only to

watch his home burn to the ground because Cranick had

not paid a $75 yearly "pay to spray" fee. Cranick had

the misfortune to live in an unincorporated area that

had the limited services historically associated with

black neighborhoods-when fire, sewer and police

services would stop at the edge of a town based on the

lines of segregation. Richard Kluger's book Simple

Justice relates how in the 1950s civil rights activist

Joseph DeLaine's South Carolina home was apparently

targeted by arsonists: "Members of the all-white

Summerton fire department were on hand as the wooden

house burned to the ground, but they made no effort to

put out the flames because DeLaine's house, they said,

was beyond the town limits. And it was-by 100 feet."

(For those interested in the details of the legal and

political battles for the Fourteenth Amendment's

promise of equal citizenship, I highly recommend

Patricia Sullivan's Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the

Making of the Civil Rights Movement.)

 

Just a few weeks ago, while speaking of his youth in

Yazoo City, Mississippi, during the most violent times

of the civil rights movement, Governor Haley Barbour

became positively misty: "I just don't remember it as

being that bad." How bad wasn't it? According to

Barbour, the White Citizens' Council heroically ensured

school integration and bravely kept the Ku Klux Klan at

bay. In fact, the White Citizens' Council set up a

system of all-white private academies that left

Mississippi's public schools virtually all black and

all woefully underfunded. It is true that to some

degree the White Citizens' Council often took public

stances in opposition to the KKK, yet this professed

opposition was not because it was in favor of blacks'

civil rights but because Klan violence attracted

international attention, which was often "bad for

business." So instead the council tended to espouse

resistance to integration through economic threats and

the isolation of entire communities.

 

Indeed, Haley's elder brother Jeppie was elected mayor

of Yazoo City in 1968 on a platform of economic

isolation of any blacks (or whites) who pressed for

integration. Willie Morris's 1971 book Yazoo:

Integration in a Deep-Southern Town details what Jeppie

described as blacks' efforts to "get us on our knees so

they can tell us what to do." "When I came into office

I intended to get some paving and some sewage

improvements for the colored," Jeppie said. "But now I

can't get too enthusiastic about it." The time might

come, Jeppie warned, for the whites to retaliate with

firings and other measures.

 

Recently, The Huffington Post ran excerpts from a 1956

article by David Halberstam in which Nick Roberts of

the Yazoo City Citizens' Council explained why fifty-

one of fifty-three blacks who had signed an integration

petition withdrew their names: "If a man works for you,

and you believe in something, and that man is working

against it and undermining it, why you don't want him

working for you-of course you don't." This sort of

thinking imagines the collective power of the White

Citizens' Council as nothing more than the individual

choices of "a man" in dealing with "that man"-both of

whom are syntactically equally endowed with options and

opportunities. In the aggregate, however, these

"preferences" become insidious disguises for a

gangsterish mentality by which the endowed "we"

eliminates anything but the narrowest sense of

community. The rest of the polity, marked as "them,"

remain alien-all while being chided to pay and pay and

pay in order to play. That this creates a controlling

class of the economically privileged-to wit, an

oligarchy-seems utterly lost on the ground these days.

_________

 

Patricia J. Williams, a professor of law at Columbia University.

 

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